Dentistry is very important in the care of cancer patients receiving treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These treatments, although necessary to fight cancer, can have adverse side effects that affect oral health.
Side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on oral health
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments can cause side effects that affect the patient's quality of life. These symptoms usually appear from the beginning of the treatment and disappear at the end of it, except for caries and periodontal disease, which require treatment. Sometimes, some side effects may last a little longer, but none are permanent:
Dry mouth
Decreased salivary flow in patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy can cause dry mouth, which increases the risk of tooth decay and gum disease. This is because saliva not only lubricates the mouth and facilitates swallowing, but also protects against tooth decay by neutralizing acids and helps maintain healthy gums. Dry mouth compromises these natural defenses, allowing pathogenic microorganisms to proliferate, erode tooth enamel and increase the gums' predisposition to inflammation and periodontal disease.
Difficulty swallowing
Patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy often face difficulties in swallowing food and liquids due to mucositis, a painful inflammation of the oral mucosa. This condition not only causes significant discomfort, but can also lead to malnutrition due to reduced appetite and insufficient nutrient intake. Mouth sores resulting from mucositis can further worsen the situation by making eating difficult and increasing the risk of oral infections.
Changes in the sense of taste
Treatments can also alter patients' sense of taste, causing dysgeusia, which can result in the perception of unpleasant tastes or even complete loss of taste. This altered sense of taste can have a negative impact on appetite and food selection, leading to possible malnutrition and significant weight loss or weight gain. It is essential to have the support of a multidisciplinary medical team including dieticians or nutritionists, who will provide guidance on how to adapt the diet and ensure adequate nutritional intake during treatment.
The importance of dental care prior to treatment
Before starting chemotherapy or radiation therapy, it is very important that patients see a dentist who specializes in oncological dentistry. It is advisable to make this visit at least two weeks before starting treatment. During the consultation, the dentist will do a thorough review of your oral health, including X-rays to ensure that your teeth and gums are healthy.
This time before treatment is a good opportunity to resolve any existing dental problems and learn how to care for the mouth during cancer therapy, as chemotherapy or radiation therapy can make the mouth more vulnerable to side effects. Having a healthy mouth improves the patient's quality of life and enhances their overall health.
If dental problems arise during chemotherapy or radiation therapy, patients can visit their dental clinic to receive the appropriate treatment for their situation. Collaboration between patient, oncologist and dentist is key to ensuring complete care and reducing complications. In addition, dental problems can also affect the effectiveness of cancer treatment, so this preventive care is very helpful.
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Oral care during chemotherapy and radiation therapy
To help oncology patients prevent and alleviate oral discomfort caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, specific products and solutions are available:
Dry Mouth
Dry mouth is a common problem in patients receiving oncological treatments. To alleviate this symptom, a good daily intake of liquids is advisable, as well as consuming sugar-free candies and chewing gums that help stimulate saliva production.
In addition, you can use products designed to moisturize and protect the oral cavity, such as the KIN Hidrat line, which helps keep the mouth fresh and lubricated. For example, KIN Hidrat mouth gel has a high concentration of xylitol and a bioadhesive ingredient that immediately refreshes and protects the mouth. This moisturizing gel is available in single-dose sachets to make it convenient and hygienic to use. It is recommended to use it at night to ensure a good moisturizing of the mouth while sleeping.
Mucositis
Mucositis is a painful inflammation of the oral mucosa, a common side effect of oncological treatments. In these cases it is advisable to choose foods that are easy to chew and swallow, such as purees, cooked foods or foods mixed with broth and sauces. Opt for nutritious alternatives and take small bites with sufficient liquid. It is best to avoid hot, sugary, spicy, acidic or fizzy foods.
There are highly recommended oral care products, such as those in the KIN Care line. KIN Care's bioadhesive gel contains hyaluronic acid and aloe vera to help the patient by creating a protective layer that insulates from external irritants. It is usually recommended to be applied at night, ensuring moisturization of the mouth while sleeping.
KIN Care's alcohol-freeMouthwash can also be used, which contains suitable ingredients such as aloe vera, betaine and vitamins that moisturize and protect the oral mucosa. In addition, it has a pleasant taste and soft does not irritate the mouth.
Importance of daily brushing
Due to the increased risk of oral infections and the reduced natural protection of saliva, it is crucial to maintain excellent oral hygiene to avoid problems. It is recommended to use an extra toothbrush soft along with a specialized toothpaste such as KIN Hidrat. This product contains fluoride and 10% xylitol to help prevent cavities, as well as vitamin E acetate and provitamin B5 to strengthen and moisturize gums.
In addition, to maximize cleaning in the spaces between the teeth, it is important to use dental floss or interdental brushes. These areas are where most dental plaque accumulates.
In conclusion, taking care of the oral health of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy is essential to prevent complications and improve the quality of life during treatment. The attention of a specialized dentist, the use of specific dental products and a good diet are fundamental in this process. Collaboration between the patient, the medical team and the dentist ensures that comprehensive care can be offered to these patients.